Olim Narzullayev (1), Shukhrat Fayziev (2), Nariman Rajabov (3), Shukhratjon Khaydarov (4), Oybek Otamirzaev (5)
Environmental monitoring constitutes a foundational element Environmental monitoring is a fundamental component of state control in the energy sector, yet its practical integration into regulatory decision-making remains limited in many jurisdictions. This article examines how environmental monitoring is incorporated into state-control frameworks to support energy security, focusing on Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan as comparative case studies. The research responds to a pressing legal issue: although both states have formally established monitoring systems through environmental and energy-sector legislation, monitoring outcomes are often procedural, weakly digitalized, and insufficiently linked to licensing, environmental expertise, or enforcement mechanisms. Using descriptive-legal, doctrinal, and comparative legal methods, and drawing upon national legislation, international instruments, and recent regulatory reforms, the study identifies three core findings. First, monitoring results in Uzbekistan seldom influence regulatory or strategic decisions, and institutional fragmentation limits their effectiveness. Second, Azerbaijan experiences comparable difficulties, particularly in relation to transparency deficits, overlapping institutional mandates, and weak integration of environmental data into supervisory processes. Third, liability frameworks in both jurisdictions remain largely declarative and fail to create adequate deterrent effects. The study concludes that enhancing energy security requires legally mandating the use of monitoring results in state decision-making, developing unified digital data systems, improving interagency coordination, and strengthening liability mechanisms. These reforms would align monitoring policy with state-control frameworks and contribute to more sustainable and secure energy governance.
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Šumrada, Tanja, Marko Lovec, Luka Juvančič, Ilona Rac and Emil Erjavec, ‘Fit for the Task? Integration of Biodiversity Policy into the Post-2020 Common Agricultural Policy: Illustration on the Case of Slovenia’, Journal for Nature Conservation, 54 (2020), 125804 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125804
Sun, Jihong, Lei Zheng and Mengqiao Zhan, ‘New Path to Green Transformation: Exploring the Impact of Corporate Governance on Environmental Information Disclosure Quality of New Energy Companies’, Journal of Environmental Management, 373 (2025), 123789 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123789
Sun, Yanlei, Md Mominur Rahman, Xu Xinyan, Abu Bakkar Siddik and Mohammad Ekramol Islam, ‘Unlocking Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance through Energy Efficiency and Green Tax: SEM-ANN Approach’, Energy Strategy Reviews, 53 (2024), 101408 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101408
Tabakh, Mohammadreza, Reza Attarzadeh, Reza Yarahmadi, Mozhdeh Amanati, Mohammadamin Momeny, Hanieh Maleki, and others, ‘From Waste to Functional Materials: A Review on Innovations in Waste Management for Environmental Remediation Applications’, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 549 (2026), 217379 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2025.217379
Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr, Yousra Salama, Kibrom A Abay, Fatma Abdelaziz, Claudia Zaccari, Akmal Akramkhanov, and others, ‘Harnessing Digital Innovations for Climate Action and Market Access: Opportunities and Constraints in the CWANA Region’, Global Food Security, 41 (2024), 100763 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2024.100763
Tamasiga, Phemelo, Valentine Munyaradzi Dzingai, Helen Onyeaka, Rose Daphnee Tchonkouang, Kehinde Favour Siyanbola, Ulakom Genesis, and others, ‘Energy Transition Effects on Food Security amidst Climate Change and Progress toward Sustainable Development Goals’, Energy and Climate Change, 6 (2025), 100222 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100222
Tunio, Fayaz Hussain, Zhao Rui Feng, Tayyab Raza Fraz, Muhammad Shahbaz, Naveed R Khan and Shoh-Jakhon Khamdamov, ‘Environmental Pollution and Green Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations: Fiscal Decentralization for Sustainable Governance’, Journal of Environmental Management, 394 (2025), 127313 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127313
Vo, Duc Hong, Chi Minh Ho and Ngoc Duc Lang, ‘Greener for Greater Security? The Role of Green Finance in Energy Security amid Rising Geopolitical Risks’, Energy Economics, 151 (2025), 108902 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108902
Wang, Jiaqi, Menghao Deng and Tingqiang Chen, ‘How Does the Penetration of New Energy Vehicles Affect Global Energy Security? Empirical Evidence from Multiple Countries’, Energy Strategy Reviews, 62 (2025), 101945 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2025.101945
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