Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Protection in Indonesia and Japan

Authors

  • Rian Saputra Faculty of Law, Universitas Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta,, Indonesia
  • Tiara Tiolince Faculty of Law, Universitas Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta,, Indonesia
  • Iswantoro Iswantoro Faculty of Shariah and Law, UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta,, Indonesia
  • Sanju Kumar Sigh Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Kirtipur,, Nepal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.69

Abstract

This research aims to show the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on fillings patent protection through patent rights. This research is normative legal research using a comparative legal approach in the Japanese AI protection system. The results indicate that the regulation of AI protection in intellectual property rights in Indonesia has not been accommodated in the Indonesian national legal system. However, the closest method for its protection can be performed through copyright, but it still has shortcomings, where AI in copyright protection is only considered the same as that of ordinary computer software in general, which should have significant differences. AI protection space in Japan can be accommodated through patents, provided that the AI in question contains elements or categories that can be protected through Japanese patents. AI protection as a patent right, in fact, has a very complicated and varied impact in Indonesia and Japan.

References

Akagi, Teiji, Yoichi Takaya, Hiroshi Ito, Koji Nakagawa, and Sho Takahashi, ‘Resolution of Migraine With Aura After Transcatheter Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: Prospective Evaluation in Japanese Population’, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71.11 (2018), A601 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31142-2

Albahri, A.S., Ali M. Duhaim, Mohammed A. Fadhel, Alhamzah Alnoor, Noor S. Baqer, Laith Alzubaidi, and others, ‘A Systematic Review of Trustworthy and Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Assessment of Quality, Bias Risk, and Data Fusion’, Information Fusion, 96.March (2023), 156–91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.03.008

Aldieri, L., Giuseppe Ioppolo, Concetto Paolo Vinci, and Tan Yigitcanlar, ‘Waste Recycling Patents and Environmental Innovations: An Economic Analysis of Policy Instruments in the USA, Japan and Europe’, Waste Management, 95 (2019), 612–19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.045

Anggriani, Yusi, Hesty Utami Ramadaniati, Prih Sarnianto, Jenny Pontoan, and Sri Suryawati, ‘The Impact of Pharmaceutical Policies on Medicine Procurement Pricing in Indonesia Under the Implementation of Indonesia’s Social Health Insurance System’, Value in Health Regional Issues, 21 (2020), 1–8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2019.05.005

Baan, Anastasia, Markus Deli Girik Allo, and Andi Anto Patak, ‘The Cultural Attitudes of a Funeral Ritual Discourse in the Indigenous Torajan, Indonesia’, Heliyon, 8.2 (2022), e08925 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08925

Baumann, Manuel, Tobias Domnik, Martina Haase, Christina Wulf, Philip Emmerich, Christine Rösch, and others, ‘Comparative Patent Analysis for the Identification of Global Research Trends for the Case of Battery Storage, Hydrogen and Bioenergy’, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 165.December 2020 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120505

Castelló, Enric, ‘Storytelling in Applications for the EU Quality Schemes for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs: Place, Origin and Tradition’, Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 18.2 (2020), e0105 https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020182-16192

Caviggioli, Federico, ‘Foreign Applications at the Japan Patent Office - An Empirical Analysis of Selected Growth Factors’, World Patent Information, 33.2 (2011), 157–67 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2010.12.002

Chimuka, Garikai, ‘Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Patent Law. Towards a New Analytical Framework – [ the Multi-Level Model]’, World Patent Information, 59.October (2019), 101926 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2019.101926

Cipollari, Stefano, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Takao Ohki, Kimihiko Kichikawa, Masato Nakamura, Kimihiro Komori, and others, ‘Long-Term Effectiveness of the Zilver PTX Drug-Eluting Stent for Femoropopliteal Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with No Patent Tibial Runoff Vessels—Results from the Zilver PTX Japan Post-Market Surveillance Study’, Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 29.1 (2018), 9-17.e1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2017.08.014

Clò, Stefano, Massimo Florio, and Francesco Rentocchini, ‘Firm Ownership, Quality of Government and Innovation: Evidence from Patenting in the Telecommunication Industry’, Research Policy, 49.5 (2020), 103960 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103960

Davies, Colin R., ‘An Evolutionary Step in Intellectual Property Rights - Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property’, Computer Law and Security Review, 27.6 (2011), 601–19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2011.09.006

Dimyati, Khudzaifah, Haedar Nashir, Elviandri Elviandri, Absori Absori, Kelik Wardiono, and Arief Budiono, ‘Indonesia as a Legal Welfare State: A Prophetic-Transcendental Basis’, Heliyon, 7.8 (2021), e07865 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07865

Dudnik, Olesya, Marina Vasiljeva, Nikolay Kuznetsov, Marina Podzorova, Irina Nikolaeva, Larisa Vatutina, and others, ‘Trends, Impacts, and Prospects for Implementing Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Energy Industry: The Implication of Open Innovation’, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7.2 (2021), 155 https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020155

Dwivedi, Yogesh K., Laurie Hughes, Elvira Ismagilova, Gert Aarts, Crispin Coombs, Tom Crick, and others, ‘Artificial Intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Emerging Challenges, Opportunities, and Agenda for Research, Practice and Policy’, International Journal of Information Management, 57.August 2019 (2021), 101994 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.002

Fujii, Hidemichi, and Shunsuke Managi, ‘Trends and Priority Shifts in Artificial Intelligence Technology Invention: A Global Patent Analysis’, Economic Analysis and Policy, 58.2018 (2018), 60–69 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.12.006

Gao, Xue, and Yi Zhang, ‘What Is behind the Globalization of Technology? Exploring the Interplay of Multi-Level Drivers of International Patent Extension in the Solar Photovoltaic Industry’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 163.April 2021 (2022), 112510 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112510

Goralski, Margaret A., and Tay Keong Tan, ‘Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Development’, International Journal of Management Education, 18.1 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100330

Gurkaynak, Gonenc, Ilay Yilmaz, and Gunes Haksever, ‘Stifling Artificial Intelligence: Human Perils’, Computer Law and Security Review, 32.5 (2016), 749–58 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2016.05.003

Hampton, Mark P., and Julia Jeyacheya, ‘Power, Ownership and Tourism in Small Islands: Evidence from Indonesia’, World Development, 70 (2015), 481–95 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.007

Hara, Keishiro, Masashi Kuroda, Helmut Yabar, Michinori Kimura, and Michinori Uwasu, ‘Historical Development of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge Treatment Technologies in Japan – An Analysis of Patent Data from the Past 50 Years’, Environmental Development, 19 (2016), 59–69 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2016.05.001

Helitha Muchtar, Novianty, Miranda Risang Ayu Palar, and Muhamad Amirulloh, ‘Development of a Valuation System of Technology for the Enhancement of Innovation in Indonesia’, Heliyon, 9.2 (2023), e13124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13124

Hu, Wei, Tohru Yoshioka-Kobayashi, and Toshiya Watanabe, ‘Determinants of Patent Infringement Awards in the US, Japan, and China: A Comparative Analysis’, World Patent Information, 60.July 2018 (2020), 101947 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2019.101947

Inoue, Hiroyasu, Wataru Souma, and Schumpeter Tamada, ‘Analysis of Cooperative Research and Development Networks on Japanese Patents’, Journal of Informetrics, 4.1 (2010), 89–96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2009.09.002

Inoue, Sachie, Ataru Igarashi, Yasuyuki Iguchi, and Teiji Akagi, ‘Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovale Closure Preventing Secondary Ischemic Stroke in Japan’, Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 30.8 (2021), 105884 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105884

Jemala, Marek, ‘Long-Term Research on Technology Innovation in the Form of New Technology Patents’, International Journal of Innovation Studies, 5.4 (2021), 148–60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2021.09.002

Jiang, Jiaming, Kensuke Baba, Yu Zhao, Junshi Feng, and Sou Kumagai, ‘The Dataset of Japanese Patents and Patents’ Holding Firms in Green Vehicle Powertrains Field’, Data in Brief, 44 (2022), 108524 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108524

Kaló, Z, A Inotai, and KE Wijaya, ‘Value-Based Decisions for Off-Patent Pharmaceuticals in Developing Countries – A Pilot Study Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Tenders in Indonesia’, Value in Health, 21 (2018), S45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.07.342

Kameo, Jeferson, and Teguh Prasetyo, ‘Hakikat Hukum Ekonomi (Internasional) Dalam Perspektif Teori Keadilan Bermartabat’, Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 27.2 (2020), 308–27 https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss2.art5

Kani, Masayo, and Kazuyuki Motohashi, ‘Understanding the Technology Market for Patents: New Insights from a Licensing Survey of Japanese Firms’, Research Policy, 41.1 (2012), 226–35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.08.002

Kurniaty, Rika, ‘The Features and Future Challenges of Indonesian Antimonopoly Policy: Lesson Learned from Japanese Experience’, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 17 (2013), 999–1006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2013.02.119

Kusumo, Bambang Ali, Siti Marwiyah, Nur Rohim Yunus, and Stefan Koos, ‘Rethinking Criminal Law Policies in Taxation to Overcome Tax Violations’, Bestuur, 10.2 (2022), 159–82 https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v10i2.62064

Li, Wei, Jianan Liu, Hongyu Zhang, Ze Liu, Yu Wang, Longsheng Xing, and others, ‘Plant Pan-Genomics: Recent Advances, New Challenges, and Roads Ahead’, Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 49.9 (2022), 833–46 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgg.2022.06.004

Liu, Jian, Fengcheng Zhou, Azher M. Abed, Binh Nguyen Le, Liting Dai, H. Elhosiny Ali, and others, ‘Macroalgae as a Potential Source of Biomass for Generation of Biofuel: Artificial Intelligence, Challenges, and Future Insights towards a Sustainable Environment’, Fuel, 336.August 2022 (2023), 126826 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126826

Loureiro, Sandra Maria Correia, João Guerreiro, and Iis Tussyadiah, ‘Artificial Intelligence in Business: State of the Art and Future Research Agenda’, Journal of Business Research, 129.November 2020 (2021), 911–26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.001

Mesquita Machado, Tarso, and Eduardo Winter, ‘Artificial Intelligence and Patents in Brazil: Overview on Patentability and Comparative Study on Patent Filings’, World Patent Information, 72.February (2023), 102177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2023.102177

Miyazawa, Takashi, and Hiroshi Osada, ‘Change of Claim Structures of Market Leaders’ Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Applications According to the Degree of Technology Maturity’, World Patent Information, 33.2 (2011), 180–87 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2011.01.007

Morikawa, Masayuki, ‘Innovation in the Service Sector and the Role of Patents and Trade Secrets: Evidence from Japanese Firms’, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 51.October 2018 (2019), 43–51 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2018.10.003

Nam, Yoonjae, and George A. Barnett, ‘Globalization of Technology: Network Analysis of Global Patents and Trademarks’, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78.8 (2011), 1471–85 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.06.005

Nowotko, Paweł Marcin, ‘AI in Judicial Application of Law and the Right to a Court’, Procedia Computer Science, 192 (2021), 2220–28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.08.235

Nugroho, Budi, Masayoshi Aritsugi, Yota Otachi, and Yuki Manabe, ‘Combined Graph Kernels for Automatic Patent Classification: A Hybrid Approach’, World Patent Information, 57.April 2018 (2019), 18–24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2019.03.002

Olivares, E., H. Ye, A. Herrero, B. Ashrafi Nia, Y. Ren, R. P. Donovan, and others, ‘Applications of Information Channels to Physics-Informed Neural Networks for WiFi Signal Propagation Simulation at the Edge of the Industrial Internet of Things’, Neurocomputing, 454 (2021), 405–16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2021.04.021

Papageorgiadis, Nikolaos, Adam R. Cross, and Constantinos Alexiou, ‘International Patent Systems Strength 1998-2011’, Journal of World Business, 49.4 (2014), 586–97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.12.011

———, ‘The Impact of the Institution of Patent Protection and Enforcement on Entry Mode Strategy: A Panel Data Investigation of U.S. Firms’, International Business Review, 22.1 (2013), 278–92 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2012.04.005

Papageorgiadis, Nikolaos, and Wolfgang Sofka, ‘Patent Enforcement across 51 Countries – Patent Enforcement Index 1998–2017’, Journal of World Business, 55.4 (2020), 101092 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101092

Prakoso, Radityo, Rina Ariani, Yovi Kurniawati, Sisca Natalia Siagian, Aditya Agita Sembiring, Oktavia Lilyasari, and others, ‘Initial Experience in Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Without Fluoroscopy in Indonesia’, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 75.11 (2020), 607 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(20)31234-1

Raharjo, Agus, Rahadi Wasi Bintoro, Nurani Ajeng, Tri Utami, and Masahiro Suzuki, ‘The Legal Policy of Criminal Justice Bureaucracy Cybercrime’, Bestuur, 10.2 (2022), 105–22 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v10i2.64498

Rambaran, Theresa F., ‘A Patent Review of Polyphenol Nano-Formulations and Their Commercialization’, Trends in Food Science and Technology, 120.December 2021 (2022), 111–22 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.011

Rammer, Christian, Gastón P. Fernández, and Dirk Czarnitzki, ‘Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Innovation: Evidence from German Firm-Level Data’, Research Policy, 51.7 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104555

Raya, Alia Bihrajihant, Riesma Andiani, Abi Pratiwa Siregar, Imade Yoga Prasada, Fairuz Indana, Theresia Gracia Yunindi Simbolon, and others, ‘Challenges, Open Innovation, and Engagement Theory at Craft Smes: Evidence from Indonesian Batik’, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7.2 (2021), 121 https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020121

Sari, Onur, and Sener Celik, ‘Legal Evaluation of the Attacks Caused by Artificial Intelligence-Based Lethal Weapon Systems within the Context of Rome Statute’, Computer Law and Security Review, 42 (2021), 105564 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105564

Shuijing, Hu, ‘Quantitative Analysis of China’s Artificial Intelligence Technology Patents’, Procedia Computer Science, 208 (2022), 18–23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.10.004

Siburian, Marlinang Diarta, Sifa Marie Joelle Muchanga, Antonio Fredelindo Dela Resma Villanueva, Rianto Setiabudy, and Iiyama Tatsuo, ‘The Progression of Clinical Trials in Indonesia: An Observational Study of Records from Clinical Trial Registries Databases’, Global Health Journal, 4.3 (2020), 87–95 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2020.08.003

Sidipratomo, Prijo, Jacub Pandelaki, Sahat B.R.E. Matondang, Heltara Ramandika, Rita Sita Sitorus, Komang S. Karismaputri, and others, ‘Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma: Our First Experience in Indonesia’, Radiology Case Reports, 17.12 (2022), 4713–16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2022.09.004

Warsiki Susi Irianti, Yuliana Diah Warsiki Susi Irianti Diah, ‘Perjanjian Benefit Sharing Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Dan Pemanfaatan Varietas Tanaman’, Rechtidee, 12.1 (2017), 1 https://doi.org/10.21107/ri.v12i1.2855

Wu, Rui Qing, Jian Liu, Wei Chen, and Qing Shui Gu, ‘Adaptive Wide-Lens Distortion Correction Based on Piecewise Polynomial Optimization’, Procedia Computer Science, 154 (2018), 573–80 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.06.091

Yamanaka, Takayuki, and Shingo Kano, ‘Patent Term Extension Systems Differentiate Japanese and US Drug Lifecycle Management’, Drug Discovery Today, 21.1 (2016), 111–17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.005

Yamashita, Nobuaki, ‘Economic Crisis and Innovation Capacity of Japan: Evidence from Cross-Country Patent Citations’, Technovation, 101.November 2020 (2021), 102208 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102208

———, ‘Economic Crisis and Innovation Capacity of Japan: Evidence from Cross-Country Patent Citations’, Technovation, 101.October 2020 (2021), 102208 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102208

Yamazaki, Toshinao, ‘Patent Prosecution Highways (PPHs): Their First Five Years and Recent Developments Seen from Japan’, World Patent Information, 34.4 (2012), 279–83 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2012.07.001

Yasar, Mahmut, and Roderick M. Rejesus, ‘International Linkages, Technology Transfer, and the Skilled Labor Wage Share: Evidence from Plant-Level Data in Indonesia’, World Development, 128 (2020), 104847 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104847

Ye, Qing, Qasim Umer, Rongting Zhou, Amna Asmi, and Fahad Asmi, ‘How Publications and Patents Are Contributing to the Development of Municipal Solid Waste Management: Viewing the UN Sustainable Development Goals as Ground Zero’, Journal of Environmental Management, 325.PB (2023), 116496 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116496

Downloads

Published

2023-05-08

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.