Reconstruction of Sanction Regulations to Improve Environmental Functions For Corporations Based on Legal Certainty

M Zaid(1*),

(1) Universitas Islam Riau
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study aims to describe the factors that cause additional criminal sanctions to improve due to criminal acts against corporations that cannot be carried out. This research is normative legal research. The approach used is a case approach and a conceptual approach, using library research techniques. The results of the study show that various efforts have been made by PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) to "restore polluted environments until they can be used as they were originally intended," as stated in the Decision of the Criminal Case Court Number 129/PID.B/2004/PN.YK has yet to yield maximum and satisfactory results to date. This is to restore environmental functions as mandated by the PPLH Law and the Yogyakarta District Court Decision Number: 129/Pid.B/2004/PN.YK, there are obstacles, including a. Constraints on the certainty of size regarding the expiration of additional penalties regarding environmental restoration, and b. Guarantee constraints during restoring environmental functions by PT KAI (Persero). There is no pollution by other parties. Reconstruction of regulations and implementation of corrective sanctions as a result of criminal acts committed against corporations in the future in the framework of legal reform, among others, can be carried out in several ways, namely: a. criminal sanction for environmental recovery, which contains a measure of the success of the repair and the type of repair, b. Additional criminal sanctions for environmental restoration become the primary criminal sanctions by considering legal certainty. This is important to realize a criminal pattern based on environmental conservation against corporations that commit environmental crimes oriented towards legal certainty.

References


Aalders, M. V. C., ‘Self-Regulation and Compliance with Environmental Law from a Global Perspective’, Towards Integrated Environmental Law in Indonesia, 2003, 21–36

Afriana, Anita, ‘A Fast Procedure As an Access To Justice in Order To Realize a Simple, Fast, and Low Cost Principle in Indonesia’, Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 16.1 (2016), 99–105

Aji, Adiguna Bagas Waskito, Puji Wiyatno, Ridwan Arifin, and Ubaidillah Kamal, ‘Social Justice on Environmental Law Enforcement in Indonesia: The Contemporary and Controversial Cases’, The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education, 2.1 (2020), 57–72

Ali, Mahrus, and M. Arif Setiawan, ‘Penal Proportionality in Environmental Legislation of Indonesia’, Cogent Social Sciences, 8.1 (2022), 1–13

Anderson, H, ‘Directors’ Liability for Corporate Faults and Defaults International Comparison’, Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal, 18.1 (2009), 1–51

Asmah, Asmah, and Shinta Nurhidayati Salam, ‘A Law-Abiding Behaviour of the Indigenous Peoples in Realizing Environmental Law Enforcement in South Sulawesi , Indonesia’, Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20.2 (2022), 431–35

Astriani, Nadia, ‘Legal Politics of Water Resources Management in Indonesia: Environmental Perspective’, Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 30.1 (2018), 185

Bedner, Adriaan, ‘Consequences of Decentralization: Environmental Impact Assessment and Water Pollution Control in Indonesia’, Law and Policy, 32.1 (2010), 38–60

Cummings, Susan S, ‘Environmental Protection and Privatization: The Allocation of Environmental Responsibility and Liability in Sale Transactions of State-Owned Companies in Poland’, Hastings Int’l & Comp. L. Rev., 17.3 (1993), 551

Edwards, Scott Adam, and Felix Heiduk, ‘Hazy Days: Forest Fires and the Politics of Environmental Security in Indonesia’, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 34.3 (2015), 65–94

Fajrini, Rika, ‘Environmental Harm and Decriminalization of Traditional Slash-and-Burn Practices in Indonesia’, International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 11.1 (2022), 28–43

Faure, Michael G., ‘Effectiveness of Environmental Law: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?’, SSRN Electronic Journal, 36.2 (2012)

Gonzalez, Carmen, ‘Bridging the North-South Divide: International Environmental Law in the Anthropocene’, Pace International Law Review, 32.2 (2015), 407

Hadfield, Gillian K., ‘The Price of Law: How the Market for Lawyers Distorts the Justice System’, Michigan Law Review, 98.4 (2000), 953–1004

Hidayah, Khoirul, Suhariningsih Suhariningsih, and Istislam Istislam, ‘Mediation for Indonesian Tax Disputes: Is It Potential Alternative Strategy for Resolving Indonesian Tax Disputes?’, Indonesia Law Review, 8.2 (2018)

Indrastuti, Lusia, and Rian Saputra, ‘Lost Role of Local Governments in Coal Mining Licensing and Management Environment in Indonesia’, European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 11.2 (2022), 397–408

Khoday, Kishan, and Usha Natarajan, ‘Fairness and International Environmental Law from below: Social Movements and Legal Transformation in India’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 25.2 (2012), 415–41

Kiss, Alexandre, and Dinah Shelton, ‘Strict Liability in International Environmental Law’, Law of the Sea, Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes: Liber Amicorum Judge Thomas A. Mensah, 2007, 1131–51

Kisworo, Windu, ‘A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL COURT IN INDONESIA : OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES’ (Macquarie University, 2019)

Lestari, Sulistyani Eka, and Hardianto Djanggih, ‘Urgensi Hukum Perizinan Dan Penegakannya Sebagai Sarana Pencegahan Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup’, Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 48.2 (2019), 147

Lisdiyono, Edy, ‘Improving Legal Argument Critically in the Litigation Mechanism in Indonesia (an Empirical Study of Environmental Verdicts)’, Sriwijaya Law Review, 1.1 (2017), 64–73

Macey, Jonathan R., ‘The Limited Liability Company: Lessons for Corporate Law’, Washington University Law Review, 73.2 (1995), 433–54

MacMaster, Keith, ‘Environmental Liability for Deep Seabed Mining in the Area: An Urgent Case for a Robust Strict Liability Regime’, Ocean Yearbook Online, 33.1 (2019), 339–76

Majeri Mangunjaya, Fachruddin, and Jeanne Elizabeth McKay, ‘Reviving an Islamic Approach for Environmental Conservation in Indonesia’, Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion, 16.3 (2012), 286–305

McCarthy, John, and Zahari Zen, ‘Regulating the Oil Palm Boom: Assessing the Effectiveness of Environmental Governance Approaches to Agro-Industrial Pollution in Indonesia’, Law and Policy, 32.1 (2010), 153–79

MELENKO, Oksana, ‘Mediation as an Alternative Form of Dispute Resolution: Comparative-Legal Analysis’, European Journal of Law and Public Administration, 7.2 (2021), 46–63

Michael Faure & Jing Liu, ‘New Models for the Compensation of Natural Resources Damage’, Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, a Nd Natural Resources Law, 4.2 (2012), 261–314

Mohamad Faiz, Pan, ‘Perlindungan Terhadap Lingkungan Dalam Perspektif Konstitusi Environmental Protection in Constitutional Perspective’, Jurnal Konstitusi, 13.4 (2016), 766–87

Naibaho, Nathalina, Harkristuti Harkrisnowo, Suhariyono AR, and Andri Wibisana, ‘Criministrative Law: Developments and Challenges in Indonesia’, Indonesia Law Review, 11.1 (2021), 1–14

Newman, Graeme, The Punishment Response, ed. by Routledge, The Punishment Response, 2nd edn (London And New York:, 2017)

Nugroho, Wahyu, ‘Relationship between Environmental Management Policy and the Local Wisdom of Indigenous Peoples in the Handling of Covid-19 in Indonesia’, Onati Socio-Legal Series, 11.3 (2021), 860–82

Purniawati, Purniawati, Nikmatul Kasana, and Rodiyah Rodiyah, ‘Good Environmental Governance in Indonesia (Perspective of Environmental Protection and Management)’, The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education, 2.1 (2020), 43–56

Rachmat, Niken Aulia, ‘Hukum Pidana Lingkungan Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup’, Ikatan Penulis Mahasiswa Hukum Indonesia Law Journal, 2.2 (2022), 188–209

Raihani, Nichola J., Alex Thornton, and Redouan Bshary, ‘Punishment and Cooperation in Nature’, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 27.5 (2012), 288–95

Ramlan, Shazny, ‘Religious Law for the Environment: Comparative Islamic Environmental Law in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia’, SSRN Electronic Journal, 15, 2019

Renggong, Ruslan, Abd Haris Hamid, and Yulia Yulia, ‘Investigating Law Enforcement for Coral Reef Conservation of the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia’, Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, 11.1 (2022), 3–11

Rian Saputra and Silaas Oghenemaro Emovwodo, ‘Indonesia as Legal Welfare State : The Policy of Indonesian National Economic Law’, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2.1 (2022), 1–13

Risno Mina, ‘Desentralisasi Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Permasalahan Lingkungan Hidup’, Arena Hukum, 9.2 (2016), 149–65

Rochmani, ‘PERLINDUNGAN HAK ATAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP YANG BAIK DAN SEHAT DI ERA GLOBALISASI’, Masalah Masalah Hukum, 44.1 (2015)

Rose, Gregory, ‘Australian Law to Combat Illegal Logging in Indonesia: A Gossamer Chain for Transnational Enforcement of Environmental Law’, Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, 26.2 (2017), 128–38

Santika, Truly, Kerrie A. Wilson, Sugeng Budiharta, Ahmad Kusworo, Erik Meijaard, Elizabeth A. Law, and others, ‘Heterogeneous Impacts of Community Forestry on Forest Conservation and Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from Indonesia’, People and Nature, 1.2 (2019), 204–19

Saputra, Rian, ‘Development of Creative Industries as Regional Leaders in National Tourism Efforts Based on Geographical Indications’, Bestuur, 8.2 (2020), 121–28

Saputra, Rian, Muhammad Khalif Ardi, Pujiyono Pujiyono, Sunny Ummul Firdaus, Universitas Slamet Riyadi, and Universitas Sebelas Maret, ‘REFORM REGULATION OF NOVUM IN CRIMINAL JUDGES IN AN EFFORT TO PROVIDE LEGAL CERTAINTY’, JILS (JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN LEGAL STUDIES), 6.2 (2021), 437–82

Saputra, Rian, M Zaid, and Silaas Oghenemaro, ‘The Court Online Content Moderation : A Constitutional Framework’, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2.3 (2022), 139–48

Shanty Saleh, Indah Nur, and Bita Gadsia Spaltani, ‘Environmental Judge Certification in an Effort to Realize the Green Legislation Concept in Indonesia’, Law and Justice, 6.1 (2021), 1–18

Welsh, Nancy, ‘The Place of Court-Connected Mediation in a Democratic Justice System’, SSRN Electronic Journal, 117 (2012)

Wicaksono, Muhammad Bagus Adi, and Rian Saputra, ‘Building The Eradication Of Corruption In Indonesia Using Administrative Law’, Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24.Special Issue 1 (2021), 1–17




DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.70

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 64 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 M Zaid

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System

Print ISSN: 2807-2979
Online ISSN: 2807-2812
Website: https://www.jhcls.org/index.php/JHCLS/index
Email: journalhumanrightslegalsystem@gmail.com cc to contrariusindonesia@gmail.com
Published by: Lembaga Contrarius Indonesia
Office: Contrarius Indonesia Institute
Sibela Utara Street No.3, Mojosongo, Kec. Jebres, Kota Surakarta.